Surviving a Heat Dome 

By: Callum Denault  

Published on: October 21st, 2024

Life in temperate countries like Canada naturally comes with weather changes throughout the seasons. Sometimes, summers can get dangerously hot to the point where the government warns their citizens about health risks from heat exposure. Fortunately, there are many cheap ways to stay refreshed, even for people who do not have air conditioners. 

What is a heat dome? 

In short, heat domes are literal bubbles of hot air that form over large areas, typically under dry summer conditions. Hot air tries to rise but is pushed down by pressure in the upper atmosphere, causing the heat dome to become denser and hotter. Global warming increases the likelihood of extreme weather events, although it is hard to say which specific events are caused by climate change.  

When urban infrastructure absorbs this heat, it can cause mechanical issues. In radical cases, heat can melt power cables and cause roads to buckle.  

The CBC reported several extreme heat warnings across Canada during the summer of 2024. These warnings stretched across the western provinces, most of Alberta, the entirety of Nova Scotia, most of New Brunswick, the Greater Toronto Area, and even parts of the Northwest Territories. Even though Canada is known for its cold winters, newcomers and long-term residents alike should be ready for blistering hot summers no matter which part of the country they are in.  

Early heat domes, such as those affecting the United States and Canada in July 2024, are particularly dangerous. It can suddenly cause hot weather a couple months before most people’s bodies can naturally adapt to the heat, leading to potential health complications.  

Heat stroke and other health problems caused by hot weather 

Certain heat-related illnesses can be seriously hurtful or even deadly. Generally, there are three types of heat-related illnesses: heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat strokes. However, hot weather can cause many other health complications, such as heat rashes or dehydration. 

Heat cramps are painful cramps that usually affect the legs and may make skin pale.

Heat exhaustion is a more advanced illness. Its symptoms include heat rash, possible nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, dizziness, and anxiety. Both problems can be dealt with by seeking an air-conditioned environment, cooling off the affected body parts, and replenishing the body with water and salt.  

Heat stroke is the progression of heat-related illness that results in physical and mental debilitations. If anyone is suffering from heatstroke, they need to be taken to a hospital immediately. People suffering from heat stroke tend to have a fever of 34 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) or higher and may be confused, extremely tired, or in a stupor. Heat stroke can also cause seizures, comas, or death.  

The American Centre for Disease Control (CDC) recommends people on low-sodium diets or with a history of heart problems who are suffering from these conditions get medical help. The CDC also recommends medical care for anyone experiencing the symptoms of heat exhaustion or heat cramps for over an hour.  

The Ontario government recommends people either find a healthcare provider or call Health811 (TTY: 1-877-797-0007) if they experience symptoms of any heat-related illness. People may also suffer from heat rashes in hot weather. Heat rashes can range from sweat-clogged pores to painful goosebumps. In the middle of these two extremes is “prickly heat” because the skin becomes itchy or prickly with bumps that contain a pus filling. 

Heat rash can have a variety of causes, including hormonal changes during menstruation. Fortunately, most causes of heat rash are preventable with proper skincare. Keeping enough space between your skin and clothing ensures airflow and prevents sweat from getting stuck there. Parts of the body where skin usually rubs together are at risk of heat rash on the neck, armpits, elbows, chest, groin, and under the breasts. 

Staying cool in extreme heat 

Cold water is a great way to remain refreshed through drinking, taking cold showers/baths, or even putting chilled wet rags on body parts like the neck and wrists, that experience pumping blood. Buying box fans to blow cool air and using blinds/curtains to keep out the hot sun during daylight are other ways to stay refreshed.

Various techniques and devices can also keep heat from entering a room in the first place. One approach is to add translucent temperature control films to windows, which reflect a substantial amount of the heat that enters the home through sunlight. Similarly, sealing doors and windows with weather strips can help keep hot air from leaking into one’s home. LED lights are preferable to lightbulbs, which emit heat in addition to light. Turning off unused appliances can help to keep them from warming up.  

Opening the windows at night is an excellent way to cool off a room that is already hot. Likewise, it is possible to make DIY air conditioners, such as draping a cold, wet sheet in front of a fan or placing it behind a bunch of ice cubes. Some buildings may have exhaust fans in the bathroom and/or kitchen, which can push hot air outside the home.  

If all else fails, the best decision would be to consult the local government for any cool places open to the public. For instance, the City of Toronto has a map listing free places citizens can go to cool off, such as community centres, malls, civic centres, and public libraries.  

A Guide to Public Gyms in Canada 

By: Vincent Tran

Published on: October 18th, 2024

Getting regular physical exercise is one important aspect of living a healthy lifestyle. Apart from improving your physique and other elements of your physical health, working out can also improve  your mental health and self-esteem as well.   

Many public fitness centres are available in Canada where you can exercise on a regular basis.

Public gym popularity in Canada 

According to Statistics Canada, there are just under 9,500 fitness and recreational centres across Canada as of 2023.  

Some of the public gym franchises here include GoodLife Fitness, Planet Fitness, and LA Fitness.  

If you live in a big city, you will likely see a public gym or fitness centre near you. These gyms are usually busy, as many Canadians are active gym members, with over six million Canadians having a gym membership.  

Membership costs 

There are many public gyms and fitness centres in Canada, but to access their facilities you must pay a weekly, monthly or yearly membership fee. Staying in shape and maintaining a healthy lifestyle is important, but also comes at a cost.

Gym membership prices can vary depending on many different factors such as the setting or what facilities and amenities the location has to offer. However, for the most part, gym memberships can cost between $40 to over $100 a month.   

GoodLife Fitness offers customers three membership options. Each option gives you access to over 200 GoodLife Fitness locations across the country and has its own set of perks and benefits. The cheapest option is Premium at $35.99/bi-weekly while the Ultimate option costs $39.99/bi-weekly. The most expensive is the Performance option at $54.99/bi-weekly.  

Planet Fitness offers customers two membership options. The Classic membership gives you unlimited access to one location and costs $15 a month with a $39 enrolment fee and $49 annual fee. The PF Black Card option gives you access to any Planet Fitness location around the world along with several perks like discounted drinks and access to special amenities. It costs $29.99 a month with a $1 enrolment fee and a $49 annual fee.  

LA Fitness has locations in Alberta and Ontario only. It has two membership options. One costs $49.99 a month with a $75 initiation fee and the other option costs $54.99 a month with no initiation fee.  

Amenities and perks available at public gyms 

Although public gyms tend to have similar fitness machines and weights, not all are the same. They offer different perks or amenities to their customers through different membership plans. These perks can include things such as towels, gym bags, discounts on items, and others.  

Varying facilities are also available at different gyms such as saunas, swimming pools and/or sports facilities including basketball, squash, or tennis courts.   

Different gyms also offer fitness classes related to yoga, pilates, or spin/cycling, where instructors will guide you through movements. You can also hire a personal trainer to help you exercise. Personal trainers, who come at an additional cost, will design a specific workout program for you.

Each gym has something unique to offer. Even certain locations under the same franchise are different as their services or amenities may vary. So, look into what works for your situation before registering for a membership.  

An Introduction to Canadian Sports 

By: Kyle Quilatan 

Published on: October 14th, 2024

While sports are not often the first thing to be associated with Canada, the country has some notable inventions and developments in the field. Keep reading to learn more about sports that were created in Canada or by Canadians.   

Ice hockey 

Under the National Sports of Canada Act, ice hockey is Canada’s official national winter sport. However, the sport actually has roots in the British Isles, particularly, in stick-and-ball games like hurling (from Ireland), shinty (from Scotland) and bandy (from England). These games were first documented in the 14^th century, long before hockey ever appeared in Canada.  

In 1608, the first recorded stick-and-ball game on ice was a game of shinty played in Scotland. Not long after, people in the Fens started playing bandy on ice around the mid-1700s.  

The oldest known use of the term “hockey” dates back to 1773 when it was found in Richard Johnson’s book Juvenile Sports and Pastimes. At the time, barrel plugs began to replace the wooden balls used in hurling, shinty and bandy in England.  

While the sport did not originate in Canada, some important developments made to the modern game did. The “Canadian rules” eventually became the international standard for the sport, such as accounting for the logistical difficulties of playing in a rink instead of an open field. Another rule is to use a puck made of hard rubber instead of the rubber balls that had replaced European barrel plugs. The number of players was reduced from nine to seven, with new techniques  created as the sport became more organized. Further revisions were made in 1886, the most significant one consisting of setting the goal size to six feet wide by four feet high.   

Lacrosse 

Lacrosse is Canada’s second official sport. Specifically, it is the country’s official national summer sport. Though the exact origins of lacrosse are mostly unknown, links can be seen to early First Nations ball games such as the Algonquian baggataway and the Mohawk Tewaarathon. Tewaarathon in particular had multiple functions aside from being a game. It kept warriors fit for fighting and hunting, and could also be played to strengthen alliances between groups and honour various gods.  

In the 1830s, visitors from Montreal learned to play the game from the Mohawk people in Saint Regis. It was during this visit that the French term “lacrosse” was used for the sport at this time. The first written regulations for lacrosse appeared in 1860, produced by William George Beers. Later that decade, the sport began to spread overseas when players from Kahnawake and the Montreal Lacrosse Club toured England.  

Debates as to whether lacrosse or ice hockey should be Canada’s national sport led to the National Sports Act of Canada receiving royal assent in 1994. The act declared that lacrosse would be the official summer sport while ice hockey would be the official winter sport. 

Today, three main versions of lacrosse are played in Canada: field lacrosse (split into men’s and women’s rules), box lacrosse or “boxla” and inter-crosse.  

Five-pin bowling 

This bowling variant consists of a much smaller ball than the original 10-pin version. As the name suggests, it uses five pins arranged in a V shape instead of 10 arranged in a triangle.  

The sport was first introduced in downtown Toronto by Thomas F. Ryan. Running a bowling club in the city, Ryan had received many complaints that the 10-pin game was too long and the standard bowling ball too heavy. He and his father reduced the pin count by half and crafted a ball weighing only 2.5 pounds — much smaller than the standard 16 pounds. Some changes to the scoring system were made as well.  

By 1910, Canada’s first five-pin bowling league was formed.   

Basketball 

Though not invented in Canada itself, basketball was devised by Canadian James Naismith. He created the sport’s original 13 rules while attending school in Massachusetts in 1891. At the time, the game was played with peach baskets instead of nets. The game exploded in popularity from there, and Naismith published the official rules in 1892.  

The sport took off internationally after World War II. The National Basketball Association (NBA) was formed in 1949, showcasing the sport’s importance in the United States.     

Canada, like many other countries, has a rich sports history. The sports on this list are a testament to Canada’s athletic contributions to the world over the years.   

Why post-secondary students should prioritize sleep

By: Alisa Samuel  

Published on: April 29th, 2024

The argument that students shouldn’t regularly pull all-nighters to get their work done isn’t new, but it bears repeating in the context of our ever more digitalized post-covid world. 

“If my students truly understand why sleep is important and how pathology of sleep reflects in how they feel or perform the next day, they will have the power to change habits that are not serving them,” says Tatyana Mollayeva, creator of the University of Toronto Scarborough’s fourth-year health studies course Sleep: Structure, Function, and Pathology, in an interview with Alexa Battler for the school’s website. “Knowledge is the key for students to reflect.” 

According to a study led by Kristiaan B. van der Heijden, professor of clinical neurodevelopmental sciences, lack of sleep weakens students’ ability to remember, limits their attention spans, and slows down processing speed.  

Better sleep means better cognitive function. Better cognitive function means better grades.  

Harvard Medical School says you should sleep well to avoid the serious impact long-term, chronic sleep deprivation can have on your physical health: “Insufficient sleep has been linked, for example, to weight gain and obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes.”  

Studies led by David Samson, an assistant professor of anthropology at University of Toronto Mississauga and director of the Sleep and Human Evolution Lab, find that an average of seven hours of sleep helps “regulate your immune function, your social function, your ability to process energy and metabolism effectively.” He says insomnia, in particular, causes psychotic experiences and worsens mental health illnesses like depression and anxiety.  

This knowledge, as Mollayeva says, is, if anything, a call to improve your time management skills. Skip the late-night parties, hide your phone in a drawer while you study, and do the hard work of prioritizing your activities. Don’t sacrifice a good night’s sleep for work you should try getting done in the day. When there aren’t enough hours in the day—there are never enough hours in the day—still make an effort to go to bed and wake up at regular times.  

When it comes to matters regarding individual health and academic performance, post-secondary students need to take accountability for themselves, because university life, with all its time-consuming psychological, emotional, and financial demands, doesn’t facilitate a sleep-based lifestyle. 

Here are six tips from the Mayo Clinic, a US health care system deemed to be number one in the country, to help you get a better night’s sleep.  

How to get medicine for anxiety or depression 

By: Callum Denault

Published on: April 12th, 2024

Mental health is as important for your wellbeing as your physical health, and even though it can be isolating to suffer from an invisible disability such as anxiety or depression, you are not alone. In 2013, three million Canadians over the age of 18 said they had a mood and/or anxiety disorder, and these conditions have been more common ever since the early COVID-19 pandemic.  

Medicine can be an effective treatment for mental health problems, although it may not work immediately or for everyone. This article will go over how you can safely and securely look into getting medicine for mental health issues. 

Getting a family doctor 

Family doctors, also known as general practitioners, are doctors who see their patients on a regular basis in order to check on the health of their entire body and mind. General practitioners often serve as a person’s first point of contact for getting medical help, given they are trained to recognize and treat a variety of problems, as well as refer patients to specialists who can give more intense care for more serious problems. 

Several drugs in Canada—including those used to treat depression and anxiety—are prescription drugs, meaning you can only legally get them when a medical professional hands you a prescription telling the pharmacist what type of drug you are allowed to get and in what dose. Medical doctors, dentists, and veterinarians are among the people allowed to write you a prescription, and while these controlled drugs are given to hospital patients free of charge, the laws for prescription medicine access outside of hospitals is different in each province. Here is a list of public programs to help people access prescription drugs in each province.  

The Canadian government has advice on how to find a family doctor, which includes asking people you know or contacting a settlement services provider for help.  

A settlement services provider is meant to help newcomers adapt to life in Canada, such as by helping newcomers find work, a school for kids, language classes, and other useful services. Using this link, you can enter your address, postal code, or city to find a settlement services provider near you. Quebec has its own immigration department in charge of helping newcomers, which includes helping them find a family doctor. Newcomers hoping to find help settling before they physically arrive in Canada can apply for pre-arrival services.  

How antidepressants work and how to take them 

There are several chemicals in the brain which keep people regular and happy, these include serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. These chemicals—called neurotransmitters—need to be in a certain amount for your brain to be healthy, and if they are unbalanced it can lead to several mental health issues including depression. Antidepressants can fix this imbalance, but only if used properly. 

If you are suffering from symptoms like sadness, despair, suicidal thoughts or thoughts of self-harm, lack of energy, lack of motivation, and/or trouble concentrating for two weeks or more, you might want to consider getting medicine. Antidepressants can also be used to treat other conditions, such as anxiety, bulimia, and chronic pain. However, these drugs may have side effects that do not help manage depression, which is why it is best to go to a doctor who can monitor your treatment and give you the best medicine possible. Doctors often start you with a low dose to ease your body into the medication, which reduces the side effects.  

The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) says your doctor might also change your dose, tell you to take your medicine at a certain time of day, or put you on a completely different medication entirely. In addition to this, CAMH also suggests ways you can help manage the side effects of antidepressants on your own. This includes regular exercise and a healthy diet with low amounts of sugar and a high amount of fibre (to prevent gaining fat and constipation), preventing dry mouth by brushing your teeth regularly, drinking water, and using sugarless gum or candy, as well as avoiding dizziness by getting up slowly whenever you are sitting or lying down. 

Some people may actually have an increase in suicidal thoughts when taking medication, which is thought to be a result of the medicine making a person more energetic before it gets rid of their depressive symptoms like sadness and self-hatred. This is more common among teens and young patients. CAMH says people should prepare to feel worse before they get better whenever they start antidepressants, and tell their doctor about how they feel on it.  

Your doctor can help you decide if you want to continue a medication despite the side-effects or stop taking it entirely, and they can also help you try a new drug if you feel like the one you are currently taking is not working. Do not stop taking antidepressants without letting your doctor know first, since quitting antidepressants may cause withdrawal symptoms, including an increase in depression or anxiety. Antidepressants are not addictive, but taking them and then stopping means your body is no longer used to regulating its depression under its own power. This is why having a doctor help you along the path of taking and quitting medication is so important, because they know the safest way to do these things.  

Finding doctors, and accessing medical care and prescriptions in Ontario

By: Dru Gary 

Published on: March 29th, 2024

Moving to a new country can be both exciting and overwhelming, especially when it comes to navigating the healthcare system. As a newcomer to Ontario, Canada, you may have questions about finding doctors, accessing medical care, and obtaining prescriptions.  

Ontario has a publicly funded healthcare system known as Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP). OHIP provides essential medical services to eligible residents, covering doctor visits, hospital care, and certain medical procedures. To access healthcare services, you need to be an eligible Ontario resident with an OHIP card. 

To apply for an OHIP card, you must meet these criteria: 

a. Be a Canadian citizen or have immigration status as a permanent resident. 

b. Physically reside in Ontario for at least 153 days (approximately five months) in any 12-month period. 

c. Make Ontario your primary place of residence. 

d. Be present in Ontario for at least 153 days of the first 183 days immediately after establishing residency. 

To apply, visit the nearest ServiceOntario location and bring the necessary documents, including proof of identity, proof of residency, and immigration status documents if applicable. Once you have your OHIP card, you can start accessing medical care. 

Finding a Family Doctor 

Having a family doctor is quite essential in terms of accessing primary healthcare needs. Finding one may take some time, as there is often a shortage of family physicians. Here are some steps to help you in your search: 

Health Care Connect: This is a government program designed to help you find a family doctor or nurse practitioner. You can register with Health Care Connect online or by calling their toll-free number, and they will match you with a healthcare provider accepting new patients. 

Ask for recommendations: Reach out to friends, colleagues, or other newcomers for recommendations on doctors in your area. 

Local health clinics: Community health centers and medical clinics sometimes have openings for new patients. Visit them or check their websites for information. 

Online directories: Use online resources such as the Ontario College of Physicians and Surgeons’ website to search for doctors in your region. 

While searching for a family doctor, medical care can be accessed through walk-in clinics. Walk-in clinics are available in many communities and provide healthcare without appointments. However, wait times may vary and can be very long depending on time and day so it is important to plan accordingly.  

Telehealth Ontario offers free medical advice from registered nurses 24/7. They have a toll-free number that can be called at any time and individuals may speak with a nurse about your health concerns, get advice, and determine if you need to visit a doctor. 

If a doctor prescribes medication, prescriptions can be filled at a pharmacy. Most urban areas in Ontario have numerous pharmacies, and some are open 24/7. To purchase medications, there will generally be a co-payment fee which may need to be paid out of pocket, which varies depending on the drug and your prescription drug coverage. 

Ontario offers prescription drug coverage for certain demographics, such as seniors and low-income individuals, through programs like the Ontario Drug Benefit (ODB). Other groups, such as those receiving social assistance, may also be eligible for coverage. Newcomers may have a waiting period before qualifying for these programs. 

Some people have private health insurance through their employer or individually purchased plans. Plans like these often cover prescription drugs.  

In Ontario, emergency services can be reached by calling 911. It is important to call this number immediately or head to a hospital with an emergency room (ER). Ontario’s healthcare system covers emergency medical services. Individuals will not be charged for essential emergency care. 

Alternative Medicines 

Alternative medicines are practices and treatments that fall outside the scope of conventional Western medicine. These approaches focus on holistic well-being, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the mind, body, and spirit. Some popular alternative therapies include acupuncture, chiropractic care, naturopathy, herbal medicine, homeopathy, and traditional Chinese medicine. 

In Ontario, alternative healthcare practitioners are regulated by various bodies depending on the therapy. For instance: 

• Acupuncture: Regulated by the College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Acupuncturists of Ontario (CTCMPAO). 
• Chiropractic Care: Regulated by the College of Chiropractors of Ontario (CCO). 
• Naturopathy: Regulated by the College of Naturopaths of Ontario (CONO). 
• Homeopathy: Regulated by the College of Homeopaths of Ontario (CHO). 
• Herbal Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): Practitioners may fall under different regulatory bodies. 

When seeking alternative healthcare services, it is important to do research beforehand to ensure that the practitioner is licensed and registered with the appropriate regulatory college. 

Navigating the healthcare system in Ontario may seem complicated at first, but with the right information and knowledge, you can access medical care and prescriptions effectively.  

Remember to apply for your OHIP card, register with Health Care Connect for a family doctor, and familiarize yourself with walk-in clinics and Telehealth Ontario. Additionally, explore prescription drug coverage options and don’t hesitate to seek emergency medical care when needed.  

How to grow your own food in Canada

By: Callum Denault

Published on: March 22nd, 2024

For thousands of years, people have grown their own crops rather than buying fruits and vegetables at the local grocery store. In today’s world, it is a fun, rewarding way to save money on food. It is also a Canadian tradition, with Toronto’s Cabbagetown neighbourhood being named after the crops that Irish immigrants would grow in their front lawns.  

If you want to learn about other ways to save money on food, check out The Newcomer’s articles on gathering edible wild plants, Canadian hunting and fishing laws, and how to grow microgreens from home. 

Crops you can grow indoors 

There are over 28 different plants you can grow indoors to eat or use in cooking. Some of these are herbs—such as cilantro, oregano, basil, parsley, mint, or black pepper—while others may be fruits, leafy greens, or other vegetables. Some plants that are considered exotic in Canada can be grown indoors, such as dragon fruit. 

Some indoor plants can also be quite nutritious, and easy to grow. Other than microgreens and sprouts, you can cultivate indoor tomatoes, lettuce, and grow several types of peppers on your window, including bell pepper, jalapeños, and more!  

However, not every plant that can be grown indoors is recommended for everyone. For example, carrots require a very specific pH level in their soil to be healthy, celery is a slow growing plant that needs a lot of moisture, and while squash is easy to grow throughout the year, it takes up a lot of space, making it awkward for anyone who does not have a lot of room in their homes. 

Kale and spinach are great options for an indoor garden, as are cherry tomatoes which are smaller than normal tomatoes. The Farmer’s Almanac has advice on how to grow salad greens, which is a large variety of plants that can be eaten raw or cooked.  

Some plants such as lettuce continue growing even after parts of their leaves have been shaved off, and these conveniently harvestable plants are called “cut and come again” in some catalogs. The Farmer’s Almanac also recommends greens are grown using row covers—which keep the plants free—and that these containers are made out of a material that allows the plants to breathe with access to water and sunlight. Spun-bonded polypropylene is the material they recommend. 

Growing plants outdoors 

A good place to start is to look at the crops Canada is known for growing in its big, commercial farms. In order, these are: wheat, canola, potatoes, barley, corn, fruits, and vegetables. Canadian farmed fruits include apples, apricots, and several types of berries, while the most widely grown vegetables in Canadian farms are broccoli, cauliflower, and kale. Tomatoes are also popular among home gardeners, and they are the most eaten vegetable among most Canadians. 

On the topic of fruits and vegetables, it might help to know that several “vegetables” are actually grown as fruits. In the kitchen, fruits and vegetables are distinguished by taste, given that fruits are usually sweeter and/or more tart than veggies. Botanists have a scientific definition of fruits which is different from the culinary one: “fruits” are parts of a plant that bear seeds and help that plant reproduce, and berries are a type of fruit.  

Tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, and several other “vegetables” are actually fruits in the scientific sense. This is different from root vegetables, such as carrots, which are vegetables in both the culinary and botanical sense. Root vegetables are grown underground, and that underground part is what people eat. 

While it may seem silly, knowing this difference may help you when growing your own plants. For instance, if you want to grow carrots, all you need to worry about is if your plants are growing big enough. However, if your goal is to grow tomatoes or peppers, you need to make sure that not only is your plant growing, but that it is healthy enough to grow its own fruits so you can eat them.  

Dealing with pests 

Just as you may want to chow down on the delicious plants you grow in your home, there may be a number of animals that also plan on devouring your crops. In order to keep your plants safe, make sure you know how to safely, humanely, and effectively deal with these common garden pests. The Canadian government has a long, detailed guide to pest control for pretty much any animal you could consider a nuisance. They also have a list of pest species, including animals, plants, and diseases.  

When it comes to vertebrate pests such as birds and mammals, your best option is to deter them. Squirrels are too common to even kill, since more will come to your garden, so the best option is to either make obstacles they struggle to navigate or have a squirrel feeder nearby to keep them from wanting to eat your crops.  

There are different foul smells which keep animals away, such as deer which can be kept away with eggs, pepper, scented oil, and/or Irish Spring soap. Rabbits avoid the smell of predators, so getting some dog hair (either from your own dog or a local pet groomer) and sprinkling it on your yard is a good choice. Moles can dig new tunnels if you destroy their old ones, so a better option is to make their existing tunnels undesirable by pouring down castor oil or another liquid they hate the taste of. Dense soil and the smell of cats or dogs (predators) can deter moles as well, as does making sure your lawn is free of grubs which moles like to eat.  

Birds are little complicated and may take multiple different deterrents to fully shoo away. Streamers, noise makers (including wind chimes), and reflective scare tape are common solutions. Scarecrows and owl statues are old tricks to keep away crows. 

When it comes to insect pests, the best options are to keep them from making their home on your property. Mosquitos lay eggs in standing water, so make sure to clean any ponds your garden may have, and get rid of any still sources of water, including rainwater, which may have built up in your gutters or outdoor pots. Wasps and bees like to make nests in dark areas, so light up any garages or sheds you may have, and fill holes in your yard before wasps burrow into them.  

Aphids are small, lice-like insects that eat plants, and can destroy crops in large numbers. Shrivelled, unhealthy plants can be the victim of aphid attack, which like hiding on the underside of plants, and leave behind a distinctive, sticky honeydew after eating. Hosing down your plants and crushing any straggling aphids is a good option to keep your crops healthy, and if that fails you can spray your plants with soapy water every two to three days.  

While pesticides are effective at killing aphids, they are terrible for the environment and come with other risks. There are organic alternatives, such as using horticultural oil or neem oil to repel aphids. You can also plant dill, cornflower or other plants that attract the natural predators of aphids: ladybugs, hoverflies, and lacewings.  

Ants can be kept out of your house by sealing any cracks they come into, including those around doors and windows. They also hate vinegar, dry citrus, cinnamon, peppermint oil, and ground chalk, which can be placed near possible entrances to keep them out.  

Canadian athletes you should know about 

By: Vincent Tran 

Published on: March 15th, 2024

When thinking of some of the best athletes in the world, you might overlook Canadians. Or you may think we only specialise in winter sports. However, Canada has many talented female and male athletes in a wide range of sports.  

Presently, Canadians have a large presence in global sports and play their trade all across the world. Despite being overlooked, Canadian sports teams have proved themselves in many international tournaments, such as the Olympics.  

Many Canadian athletes are among the best in the world. Here are some Canadian athletes that you should know more about, as they are, or will be, prominently featured in Canadian sports.  

Christine Sinclair  

Widely regarded as the greatest Canadian female soccer player, or even greatest Canadian soccer player in general, Christine Sinclair has been the face of Canadian soccer for the past 23 years. 

She has played an integral role in the success of the Canadian women’s national team and has revolutionised the sport in this country.  

Sinclair, 40, is still going strong and currently holds the national team record for most appearances (323) and goals (190).  

Jordyn Huitema 

Seen as the successor to Christine Sinclair, Jordyn Huitema has all the skills and potential to be Canada’s leading female soccer player for years to come.  

At 22-years-old, Huitema already has 64 caps (appearances) for the Canadian national team along with 16 goals for the senior side. She has also already won an Olympic gold medal with Canada during the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. She is an integral part of a new generation of Canadian women’s soccer players who will likely be stars in the near future.  

The fact that Huitema has Christine Sinclair to learn from only bodes well for her future, as she will likely carry the torch that Sinclair lit and become the face of Canadian soccer.   

Jonathan David 

Currently 23-years-old, Jonathan David is a main feature of the Canadian men’s national soccer team and their plans for the foreseeable future.  

Jonathan David was born in New York City and moved to Haiti as a three-month-old, before settling in Ottawa, Ontario at the age of six. His soccer roots come from Ottawa and he credits his high school, École secondaire publique Louis-Riel, for helping him greatly in his progression as a soccer player.  

This past season was Jonathan David’s career best scoring, as he finished as the third top scorer in Ligue 1, with 24 goals for Lille OSC. David can potentially move to a bigger club in the near future, where his development will further improve.  

Tajon Buchanan 

Buchanan is a quick and pacy winger who plays with a lot of heart and fire. He embodies what Canadian soccer is all about. There is no doubt Buchanan will be a big part of the future of Canadian men’s soccer, alongside Alphonso Davies and Jonathan David. 

Buchanan’s elite speed is what separates him from other players and provides another dimension to the Canadian national team. Along with Davies, he’s able to track back and cover when on defence and then spring forward quickly in attack to support the forwards or score a goal himself.  

At 24 years of age, Buchanan will likely feature prominently for the Canadian men’s national team for the next few years; and could play a major role in Canada’s potential successes.  

Denis Shapovalov 

Born in Israel to Russian parents, Denis Shapovalov grew up in Vaughan, Ontario before becoming a tennis pro in 2017. 

The turning points in his career came when he reached a career-high world ranking of #10 in 2020; and had his best finish at a Grand Slam when he reached the semi-finals of Wimbledon in 2021. 

Since then, Shapovalov has dealt with injuries and inconsistency, but at 24-years-old, he remains one of the most electrifying tennis players. It wouldn’t be a shock to see Shapovalov collect some ATP titles or even make a push for a Grand Slam.  

Félix Auger-Aliassime 

Félix Auger-Aliassime remains one of Canada’s best active tennis players. He’s currently ranked #12 in the world and reached a career high ranking of #6 in November 2022.   

When healthy and in good form, it’s clear that Auger-Aliassime has all the talent and ability to beat the best tennis players in the world. He possesses a strong serve, has a great all-round game and plays with high intensity. He embodies all the makings of a player who can be one of the greatest in the sport.  

Similar to Denis Shapovalov, Félix Auger-Aliassime burst onto the scene as a young player and is without a doubt one of Canada’s biggest hopes to win a Grand Slam title. 

Connor McDavid 

Arguably the best currently active men’s hockey player, Connor McDavid is truly a once-in-a-lifetime type of player.  

Since entering the NHL in 2015, McDavid (26) has won many individual honours, including five Art Ross trophies, awarded to the player who finishes with the most points (goals and assists) during the season, and two Hart trophies, the NHL’s MVP award. He looks likely to win his third Hart trophy following the 2022-23 season in which he finished with 153 points.  

However, given all his individual brilliance and the accolades along with it, McDavid has yet to win the Stanley Cup or even play in the Stanley Cup Finals. The closest he came to the finals was in the 2021-22 NHL season, when the Edmonton Oilers lost to the eventual champions, Colorado Avalanche, in four games in the Western Conference Finals.  

If McDavid continues at the same pace, it might not be long before he lifts the coveted Stanley Cup and stamps his mark in hockey history as one of the greatest players to ever grace the ice.  

Marie-Philip Poulin 

Marie-Philip Poulin is one of the best women’s hockey players at the moment and will go down in history as one of the best Canadians to ever play the sport.  

Poulin has collected many medals and honours throughout her illustrious career, including three Olympic gold medals (2010, 2014, 2022), one Olympic silver medal (2018), and three World Championship gold medals (2012, 2021, 2022).  

Marie-Philip Poulin is famously known as “Captain Clutch” for her ability to succeed in important and high stress games. In four Olympic gold medal games, Poulin has scored seven goals, three being game-winners.  

Bennedict Mathurin 

Bennedict Mathurin hails from Montréal, Quebec and his successes mean much more given the struggles and difficulties he dealt with in his upbringing.   

Mathurin was raised by his mother Elvie Jeune who worked long hours at a hospital to support her children. When Bennedict was 12, his older brother, Dominique, died at the age of 15 after being struck by a car while riding his bike.   

Bennedict Mathurin was selected with the sixth overall pick in the 2022 NBA Draft by the Indiana Pacers. In his rookie season, Mathurin finished fifth in Rookie of the Year voting after averaging 16.7 points per game and emerging as a rising star on a new-look Pacers team.  

Jamal Murray 

Since being drafted seventh overall in the 2016 NBA draft, Jamal Murray has remained as one of the best Canadians in the NBA.  

Murray has a career average of 16.9 points per game, but he has gained a reputation as a playoff performer, where his points average goes up to 25 ppg for his career.  

After missing the entire 2021-22 season due to an ACL tear that occurred towards the end of the 2020-21 season, Jamal Murray bounced back. He averaged 20 ppg in the 2022-23 season, enroute to winning the Denver Nuggets’ first ever NBA championship, beating the Miami Heat in five games.  

Shai Gilgeous-Alexander 

At 24-years-old, Shai Gilgeous-Alexander is already the franchise cornerstone for the Oklahoma City Thunder and looks set to lead the youngest franchise in the NBA for future seasons to come.  

Shai Gilgeous-Alexander had a breakout 2022-23 season in which he averaged 31.4 points per game, along with 1.6 steals per game and one block per game. All this culminated in his first All-Star game appearance and an All-NBA First Team selection, while finishing second for the Most Improved Player.  

If Shai continues to improve and makes the most of his potential, he could have many more individual accolades come his way, as well as, potentially an NBA championship and success with the Canadian national team.  

*all basketball stats from basketball-reference 

Summer McIntosh 

At the age of 14, Summer McIntosh was part of the Canadian Olympic Swim Team at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, where she made headlines when she finished fourth in the women’s 400m freestyle. That’s all that really needs to be said about McIntosh as a swimmer, but that’s only the start of her story.  

Since making history at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, McIntosh has gone on to win two gold medals at the long course (50-metre pool) World Championships in 200m butterfly and 400m medley. She also won a gold medal at the short course (25-metre pool) World Championships in 4x200m freestyle, and two gold medals at the Commonwealth Games in 200m medley and 400m medley  

If Summer McIntosh makes the best of her talents and potential, she could become an athlete who will collect multiple Olympic medals in the future and make history as one of the greatest swimmers of all time. 

Penny Oleksiak 

Penny Oleksiak burst onto the scene as a 16-year-old in the 2016 Rio Olympics when she shocked the world by winning gold in the women’s 100m freestyle final.  

She later went on to win the silver medal in the 100m butterfly final, as well as, two bronze medals in the 4x100m and 4x200m freestyle. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Oleksiak added another silver and two bronze medals to bring her Olympic medal tally to seven, becoming Canada’s most decorated Olympian. 

At the next Olympic Games in Paris 2024, Oleksiak will be 24-years-old and will likely be one of the leaders for the Canadian Women’s Swim Team, and could potentially add to her record-setting Olympic medal tally.  

Andre De Grasse 

Born to Caribbean immigrant parents, Andre De Grasse grew up in Markham, Ontario and later made a name for himself with his speed on the track. For someone who only started competing in track at the age of 17, De Grasse has achieved a lot in his relatively short time in the sport.  

At the 2016 Rio Olympics, Andre De Grasse rose to prominence as a then 21-year-old when he won the silver medal in the men’s 200m final, finishing behind none other than Usain Bolt, the fastest man in history. De Grasse also collected two more bronze medals in 2016 in the 100m and 4x100m relay.  

Andre De Grasse’s crowning moment came in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics when he won gold in the men’s 200m final, and a silver and bronze medal in the 4x100m relay and 100m final, respectively. De Grasse’s Olympic medal tally of six makes him the joint second most decorated Canadian Olympian.  

At the moment De Grasse is Canada’s fastest man. He will be 29-years-old heading into the 2024 Paris Olympic Games and will look to add more medals to his illustrious career.   

What to know about professional sports in Canada 

By: Vincent Tran

Published on: February 9th, 2024

Sports are a big part of Canadian culture and society. Many Canadians participate in sports or actively watch them. There are many sports fans here in Canada and Canadians can get very passionate when supporting their favourite teams or athletes.  

Around the world, sports can bring people together and also divide them, and that fact is no different in Canada. Many sports moments have united Canadians all across the country, such as the 2010 Olympic Gold medal game in men’s ice hockey, where Canada beat the United States 3-2 in overtime.  

It’s useful to know a bit more about professional sports in Canada, so here’s a quick rundown of some of the big sports across the country.  

Baseball 

Currently in Canada there is only one Major League Baseball (MLB) team: the Toronto Blue Jays. The Montréal Expos were Canada’s first MLB team, being founded in 1969, but they folded in 2004 and relocated to Washington, D.C., becoming the Washington Nationals.  

The Blue Jays have a large following across the nation, but especially in Toronto. On days that the Blue Jays have a home game, you can see many people wearing the team’s apparel, such as jerseys and baseball hats. Meanwhile, the Rogers Centre, the stadium the team plays in during these home games, always has a swarm of people in and around the area. 

The Blue Jays’ greatest accomplishment came when they won back-to-back World Series in 1992 and 1993. Those two World Series wins are the Blue Jays only World Series Championships, however they possess a good core of players who may keep the team competitive for years to come. Current star players for the Blue Jays include Vladimir Guerrero Jr., Bo Bichette, and Kevin Gausman.  

Canadians have also starred throughout MLB history with players such as Larry Walker, Joey Votto, and Freddie Freeman to name a few. First baseman Freddie Freeman is currently one of the best players in Major League Baseball, playing for the Los Angeles Dodgers at the moment. Freeman won the 2021 World Series as one of the leading players for the Atlanta Braves, defeating the Houston Astros in six games.  

Basketball 

Today, basketball has grown to be one of the most popular sports in all of Canada and it really shows throughout the country. In many cities and suburbs, you will likely see basketball nets, or people wearing basketball apparel or shooting hoops with friends.   

In the professional scene, Canada has one franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA): the Toronto Raptors. Canada used to have another NBA team, the Vancouver Grizzlies, but they relocated to Memphis in 2001.  

The Toronto Raptors originally joined the NBA alongside the Vancouver Grizzlies in 1995. There have been many notable basketball players to have played for the Raptors over the years. Players such as Vince Carter, Kyle Lowry, and Kawhi Leonard are just a few of the legends to have donned the Raptors jersey in the past.  

The Raptors’ biggest achievement came in the 2018-19 NBA season when they won their first ever NBA Championship, beating the Golden State Warriors in six games; with Kawhi Leonard being named NBA Finals MVP. Presently, the Raptors boast star players such as Pascal Siakam, OG Anunoby, and Scottie Barnes.  

Unfortunately, there are no Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) teams in Canada, but Canadian women still feature in the WNBA. Currently, there are four Canadian WNBA players: Kia Nurse, Bridget Carleton, Natalie Achonwa, and Laeticia Amihere.  

Football 

American football, or just simply known as football in Canada, is a sport that has a large following in the country. Similar to the National Football League (NFL) in the United States, Canada has its own football league called the Canadian Football League (CFL).  

Although the two leagues play a similar sport, there are slight differences between Canadian and American football. Each year the teams play an 18-game season, with the six best teams competing in the playoffs for the championship; called the Grey Cup.  

Originally founded in 1958, the CFL has gone on for 65 years now and includes nine teams across the country. The nine teams in the CFL are separated by divisions; East and West.  

The East division consists of four teams: the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Montréal Alouettes, Toronto Argonauts, and Ottawa Redblacks. The most recent winners of the Grey Cup are the Toronto Argonauts, beating the Winnipeg Blue Bombers 24-23 in the 109th Grey Cup in 2022.  

The West division includes five teams: the BC Lions, Calgary Stampeders, Edmonton Elks, Saskatchewan Roughriders, and Winnipeg Blue Bombers.  

Currently there are also some Canadians in the NFL such as Chase Claypool, Chuba Hubbard, and Jevon Holland.  

Hockey 

Hockey and Canada go hand-in-hand. Many Canadians all across the country support Canadian hockey players and many different teams from the National Hockey League (NHL).  

There are seven Canadian NHL teams: the Calgary Flames, Edmonton Oilers, Montréal Canadiens, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, Vancouver Canucks, and Winnipeg Jets.  

Canada is known around the world for hockey and for good reason. Many Canadians are big fans of the sport and many of the best hockey players in the NHL are Canadian.  

On the international level, Canada is always competing for gold medals in tournaments for both the men and women and they usually come out as champions.  

Soccer 

The most popular sport in many countries around the world is soccer, and although many Canadians are interested in other sports, soccer is slowly growing in popularity.  

With close to one million registered participants, soccer has a large following in Canada  

On the professional level, Canada has three teams in Major League Soccer (MLS): CF Montréal, Toronto FC, and the Vancouver Whitecaps. Toronto FC are the only Canadian MLS team to appear in the MLS Cup Final, having won it once in 2017 defeating the Seattle Sounders 2-0.  

In international soccer, the Canadian women have set the standard for soccer in Canada. They are the reigning Olympic gold medallists having defeated Sweden in a penalty shootout at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. The Canadian women’s team is among the best in the world, currently ranked seventh, and is usually very competitive in international tournaments.  

The Canadian men’s team recently played at their first World Cup in 36 years, losing all three games and going out at the group stage. Despite the disappointing 2022 World Cup, Canada’s men’s team has many talented young players that will likely play for great clubs around the world when the time comes.   

The 2026 FIFA men’s World Cup will be taking place in North America, with Vancouver and Toronto confirmed as host cities. This is a big opportunity to continue the growth of soccer in Canada. If you live in or near those cities, you won’t want to miss the possibility of seeing the Canadian men’s team play.  

Other sports 

The more you watch and follow sports, the more you’ll realise that there are many professional Canadian athletes in all kinds of sports. Other sports with a large Canadian presence include lacrosse, tennis, swimming, and Winter Olympic sports.  

Canadians are very prominent in the athletics scene and this is only a small glimpse of professional sports in Canada. There is much more that Canada has to offer when it comes to sports, so stay tuned!  

Accessing affordable medical devices for newcomers 

By: Dru Gary

Published on: January 22nd, 2024

Canada is well-known for its universal healthcare system, which provides coverage for a wide range of medical services. There are different provincial standards when it comes to the coverage of medical devices like walkers and hearing aids. Canada’s healthcare system is publicly funded and provides essential medical services to all Canadian citizens and permanent residents.  

The coverage for medical devices such as walkers and hearing aids can differ significantly between provinces and territories. While some provinces offer substantial coverage, others have limited or no coverage at all, resulting in disparities in accessibility and affordability. 

Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) is a government-run health insurance plan for Ontario residents. Unfortunately, OHIP does not cover all medical expenses Ontarians incur. There are other government assisted programs that can help out with the cost of necessary medical devices.  

Ontario’s Assistive Devices 

Ontario’s Assistive Devices Program (ADP) is a provincial initiative aimed at improving the quality of life for people with disabilities or long-term medical conditions. By providing financial assistance and facilitating access to assistive technologies, ADP plays a crucial role in enabling independence and increased mobility for Ontarians in need of these life-changing devices. 

Covered Devices and Funding 

The ADP covers a wide range of devices and technologies. Some devices that are covered are: 

• Mobility Aids: This category includes wheelchairs, power scooters, walkers, and specialized seating systems. 
• Communication Devices: Devices such as speech-generating devices (SGDs) are covered to support individuals with speech and communication difficulties. 
• Vision Aids: ADP assists in funding visual aids such as low vision aids, electronic magnifiers, and reading machines for individuals with visual impairments. 

• Hearing Aids: The ADP provides partial funding for hearing aids to eligible individuals, primarily focusing on children and adults with low income. The program covers a portion of the cost, with the individual responsible for the remaining amount. 

There are several benefits that ADP provides including: 

Financial Assistance 

The ADP provides financial support by subsidizing the cost of assistive devices. This reduces the financial burden for individuals and families who may struggle to afford these essential technologies otherwise. 

Increased Access 

By facilitating access to assistive devices, the ADP ensures that individuals with disabilities have the necessary tools to enhance their independence, mobility, and communication. This, in turn, improves their overall quality of life. 

Professional Guidance 

ADP works in conjunction with healthcare professionals who play an essential role in the assessment and prescription process. This ensures that those in need can receive appropriate and tailored devices that meet their specific needs. 

Continuity of Care  

ADP promotes ongoing support by providing repair and replacement funding for medical devices. This ensures that people can sustain the functionality of their assistive technologies and minimize disruptions to their daily lives. 

Besides ADP, there are several non-profit organizations that work hard to get medical devices to those that cannot afford them. 

March of Dimes Canada 

March of Dimes Canada is a charitable organization that supports people with physical disabilities and provides a range of services. They offer financial assistance through programs like the ADP, which helps individuals with the purchase and repair of mobility aids, hearing aids, and communication devices. 

Muscular Dystrophy Canada 

Muscular Dystrophy Canada is an organization that supports individuals and families affected by neuromuscular disorders. They offer funding programs and financial assistance for various medical devices, including mobility aids, assistive technology, and respiratory equipment. 

Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB)  

CNIB is a non-profit organization that supports individuals who are blind or partially sighted. They offer programs and services that assist with accessing visual aids and assistive technologies to enhance independence and improve quality of life. 

There are a few other options when it comes to coverage for medical devices. It is possible that private insurance or workplace benefits will cover much of the cost of these devices. Private insurance and workplace insurance are not accessible to many people living in Ontario, so it is essential to know your options. There are many alternative and affordable options for people living in Ontario to get necessary medical devices at no or low costs.  

Participation in winter sports could help newcomers adjust to life in Canada, research finds

By: Alisa Samuel

Published on: December 1st, 2023

In February of 2010, the Winter Olympic Games were hosted in Vancouver, British Columbia. Over the span of two weeks, thousands of athletes from countries around the world gathered in the city and its surrounding regions to compete for medals in winter sporting events—sports that are played on ice or snow, such as figure skating, curling, ice hockey, and snowboarding.  

Contiki, a popular youth tour company, calls Canada the perfect winter sports destination for its mountain peaks and flat prairies, but also for its mostly cold climate: “The average temperature in winter ranges across Canada from -5°C to -35°C, varying across the country […] A great time of the year to visit ski resorts in Canada is between December to March to ensure the best conditions.” 

After garnering billions of television views worldwide, selling out venues across a wide variety of terrains, and showcasing some of Team Canada’s most excellent gold medal-winning performances, the success of the Vancouver Games proves just how central the practice of winter sports is to Canadian culture and national identity.  

Could participating in winter sports help newcomers to Canada integrate themselves into their new society? Simon Barrick, an associate professor of Sport and Physical Activity Leadership at Cape Breton University, in Nova Scotia argues that, yes, introducing newcomers to winter sports could in fact support their integration into Canadian society.  

In a study recently published in the International Review for the Sociology of Sport, Barrick observed and interviewed all-aged newcomers from a group of 200 as they participated in the WinSport Newcomer Programme (WNP) between January and April 2018. WNP is an introductory winter sports program that newcomers to Canada enroll in to develop their social skills and personal interests. Enrollees play ice skating, downhill skiing, and snowboarding while under the guidance of settlement councillors.  

Referencing a teen participant who made new friends in the programme, several participants felt a sense of belonging despite initial fears of potentially encountering racism. The study findings show that they expanded their social networks to include connections “with fellow programme participants and instructors,” that is, established Canadians who they wouldn’t otherwise meet and interact with.  

Many newcomers to Canada come from countries where winter sports aren’t a mainstream concept or common leisure activity. According to the Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, India was the number one source country of new immigrants to Canada in 2022. Majority of India experiences a humid tropical climate.  

Newcomer parents in the study were also a little unsure about how to morally support their children with this experience of engaging in winter sport, as they haven’t had the prior chance to do it themselves. The newness of learning to play on the ice and in the snow, however, largely intrigued study participants—so much so that, in some cases, they valued winter sport not just for its social benefits but also as a possible hobby.  

Exploring winter sports without the programme and its support structure, however, proves to be challenging. Barriers to further exploration include time restraints, lack of transportation, language difficulties, and cost. Practicing hockey, as an example, is highly expensive though the sport is arguably the most popular in Canada. Global News reported in 2014 that the average cost for a recreational player was around $5,500 per season.  

Barricks therefore concluded that sports administrators, policy makers, and funders need to make winter sports more accessible to newcomers for their social development and cultural wellbeing, by designing more programmes like WNP.